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Chinese Parasol Tree
Firmiana simplex
Spectacular ornamental tree with tropical foliage, fast growth and parasol-shaped crown. Firmiana simplex adds structure and exotic flair to large gardens in mild climates.
Description
Height at maturity
8 to 10 m
Wingspan at maturity
8 m
Exposure
sun
Flowering
May - June
Hardiness
-12°C
Origin
Asia
Chinese Parasol Tree – Firmiana simplex
Main interest
The Chinese Parasol Tree, or Firmiana simplex, is a deciduous tree from East Asia, known for its rapid growth, majestic shape, and tropical-looking foliage. It naturally forms a broad, umbrella-like crown, giving it strong ornamental value in large gardens and urban parks. Its massive palmate leaves, bright green and up to 40 cm wide, create a refreshing, light shade in summer. The tree is also appreciated for its vigorous growth, heat tolerance, and unique architectural presence. In summer, it produces small greenish flowers followed by decorative seed capsules, containing shiny black seeds. As a specimen tree, Firmiana simplex is perfect for gardeners seeking rare and graphic ornamental trees. Its smooth, light green bark enhances its exotic appearance. It is undemanding in terms of soil but should be planted in a sheltered, sunny location to preserve its graceful silhouette. This tree brings a tropical atmosphere to temperate landscapes and remains hardy in mild climates.
Origins and characteristics
Geographical origin: Central and southern China, Taiwan, Vietnam
Botanical family: Sterculiaceae
Notable features: Also known as “Chinese parasol tree”. Occasionally grown as bonsai in its native range. Traditionally used to make musical instruments. Rarely cultivated in Europe, making it a collector’s tree.
Description and details
Mature height: 8 to 10 metres, taller in warm climates
Mature width: Up to 8 metres, depending on canopy development
Habit: Wide, parasol-like spreading crown
Bark: Smooth and green when young, turning grey with age
Foliage: Deciduous, large bright green palmate leaves with 3–5 lobes, up to 40 cm wide
Growth rate: Fast, up to 1 metre or more per year in fertile soil
Hardiness: Moderate – down to -10/-12 °C. Needs shelter from cold winds
Flowering and fruiting
Flowering period: May–June
Flower description: Small greenish flowers in upright panicles, not showy but nectar-producing
Fruits: Four-lobed decorative capsules opening like stars, each holding shiny black seeds
Wildlife value: Summer nectar source; birds may eat the seeds
Light and soil
Ideal exposure: Full sun, protected from prevailing winds
Soil preferences: Rich, well-drained, fresh to moderately dry soil. Tolerates limestone
Planting
Soil preparation: Loosen to 60 cm depth, enrich with compost. In cooler climates, plant in warmed spring soil
Spacing: 6 to 10 metres depending on design goals
Soil type: Deep, draining, neutral to calcareous, not too dry
Watering
At planting: Regular watering in the first year, especially in warm conditions
At maturity: Drought-tolerant for short periods; prefers occasional watering in dry summers
Pruning
When and how: Shape the canopy in winter if needed. Remove competing leaders early. Minimal pruning overall
Propagation
Methods: Sow in spring after soaking seeds. Root cuttings possible in late winter
Garden uses
Ideal placement: Specimen in large gardens, exotic-themed landscapes, ornamental alignments, protected patios
Recommended companions: Albizia, catalpa, crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia), paulownia, ornamental grasses, hardy tropical perennials
Traditional uses
Cultural use: Lightweight wood used for musical instruments and decorative crafts. Cultivated as a prestigious tree in traditional Chinese gardens
Pest and disease protection
Potential issues: Generally resilient. May attract aphids or scale insects in confined settings
Natural prevention: Ensure air circulation, introduce companion plants, avoid overwatering
Growing tips
Practical advice: Plant in rich, sunny, sheltered soil. Monitor watering for the first few years. Mulch the base in winter in cooler zones
Summary
The Firmiana simplex, or Chinese Parasol Tree, is a rare and striking ornamental tree with a wide crown, tropical foliage, and fast growth. It’s ideal as a focal point in large gardens, where it brings bold structure and exotic elegance.
Features
- Common name : Chinese Parasol Tree
- Family : Sterculiaceae
- Category : tree
- Spread : 8 m
- Foliage : deciduous
- Use : isolated - shrubberry - alignment
- Soil : all
- Habit : Spreading
- Growth : Fast
- Enemies : aphid
- Possible diseases : Nothing to report
Expédition & livraison
How does the delivery work?
As soon as you place your order your plants are selected
Each order is processed individually.
Plants are packed, staked and labeled.
Packaging is carefully implemented to avoid any problems.
Packages are ready to be shipped.
Our delivery methods
Shipping of our plants throughout Europe (except overseas and islands).
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