Description
The common myrtle (Myrtus communis) is a Mediterranean evergreen shrub, prized for its aromatic foliage, delicate white summer flowers, and decorative berries. A symbol of purity, peace and love in Mediterranean culture, it is both ornamental and rich in meaning. Its dense, dark green, glossy leaves release a pleasant balsamic fragrance when crushed. The nectar-rich flowers attract bees and butterflies in summer. The blue-black berries that follow are edible and traditionally used to flavour liqueurs or preserves. Whether used as a low hedge, in containers, in borders or as a specimen, myrtle fits perfectly into dry, fragrant or Mediterranean-style gardens. It responds well to pruning, making it suitable for topiary, shaped hedges or neat borders. With its refined appearance and subtle scent, it is a valuable asset for small gardens and protected terraces.
Geographical origin: Western Mediterranean
Botanical family: Myrtaceae
Notable features: A classical symbol of purity and beauty in ancient cultures. Widely used in formal gardens and for making liqueurs (e.g. Corsican myrtle).
Mature height: 1.5 to 3 metres
Mature width: 1 to 2 metres
Growth habit: Dense, rounded, bushy
Bark: Brown, slightly peeling with age
Foliage: Evergreen, dark green, glossy, lance-shaped, highly aromatic
Growth rate: Moderate to slow
Hardiness: Moderate – down to -8/-10 °C. Requires protection in severe frost
Flowering period: June to August (sometimes into September)
Flowers: Star-shaped white flowers with numerous stamens, very fragrant. Appear singly or in small clusters in leaf axils
Fruits: Globular blue-black berries, edible, used in preserves and liqueurs
Wildlife value: Nectar-rich, attracts bees and butterflies
Ideal exposure: Full sun, sheltered from cold winds
Preferred soil: Light, well-drained, poor to moderately fertile. Tolerates calcareous soils
Soil preparation tips: Add sand or gravel to heavy soil. In colder regions, plant in spring once risk of frost has passed
Spacing: 60 cm to 1 m depending on use (hedge, container, specimen)
Soil type: Dry to fresh, neutral to slightly acidic, always well-drained
At planting: Water regularly during the first year
At maturity: Very drought-tolerant once established
When and how: After flowering or in early spring. Tolerates pruning well. Can be shaped as a ball, hedge or topiary
Methods: Semi-hardwood cuttings in summer; seed after cold stratification
Ideal placement: Low hedge, border, rockery, container on terrace, Mediterranean or fragrant garden
Suggested companions: Lavender, rosemary, santolina, cistus, olive tree, bay laurel, agapanthus
Historical uses: Used in bridal bouquets, to flavour liqueurs (e.g. Corsican myrtle), and in ancient rituals. Wood used in perfumed crafts
Potential issues: Susceptible to powdery mildew or sooty mould in case of scale or aphid infestations
Natural prevention tips: Plant in well-drained soil, full sun, monitor regularly for pests
Practical advice: Choose a warm, sunny location. Avoid waterlogged conditions. Mulch in winter in cooler climates. Suitable for containers that can be sheltered in frost
The common myrtle is a refined evergreen shrub with aromatic foliage and fragrant white blooms. A classic Mediterranean symbol, it suits hedges, pots or borders and blends elegance, usefulness and tradition.
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