Seeds Chicory witloof - Cichorium intybus

Chicory of Mechelen (Medium Early) – Cichorium intybus

Summary

Chicory of Mechelen is a classic Belgian vegetable prized for its white, tight heads with a slightly bitter flavor. This medium-early variety is cultivated in two stages: open-ground sowing and autumn root forcing. It is appreciated for its culinary versatility and authentic gardening charm.

Botanical Origins and Family

• Origin: Belgium, specifically the Mechelen region

• Botanical family: Asteraceae

• This method of chicory forcing was perfected in Belgium in the 19th century and remains an iconic winter vegetable tradition.

Botanical Description and Features

• Height: Root leaves grow to 30–40 cm before harvest

• Habit: Upright leaf rosette; underground head development during forcing

• Leaves: Long, green leaves during growth; white, tender heads when forced

• Features: Requires specific forcing technique for blanched production

Sowing and Growing Conditions

• Ideal sowing period: May, directly in rows in open soil

• Germination temperature: 15–20 °C

• Germination time: 7–14 days

• Sowing depth: 1 cm

• Spacing: 25 cm between rows, 10 cm between seeds

• Soil: Loose, deep, moderately rich, well-drained

• Exposure: Full sun

• Thinning: Thin to 10 cm once seedlings are established

• Watering: Moderate during growth; keep soil evenly moist

Care and Maintenance

• No pruning or staking required

• Watch for root flies or fungal issues in damp conditions

• Forcing instructions: In autumn, uproot roots and cut leaves to 2 cm above the crown. Place roots upright in a 25 cm trench, cover with soil and straw to block light.

Harvest

• Time to harvest after forcing: 3–5 weeks

• Harvest period: From November to March depending on forcing date

• Yield: 3–5 heads per m², depending on root size

• Storage: Best consumed fresh; forced heads do not store long

Garden Use

• Ideal in a crop rotation after legumes

• Reserve a dedicated bed for root development

• Avoid replanting in the same spot for 3 years

Culinary Uses

• Flavor: Delicate bitterness that mellows when cooked

• Use raw in salads, braised, gratinéed, or caramelized

• Try the Belgian classic: chicory gratin with ham and cheese

Ecology, Curiosities, and Advantages

• Low-impact crop, well-suited to organic gardening

• Forcing in straw is an ecological alternative to artificial methods

• Can be grown in boxes in a cellar for urban or indoor gardening

Chicory of Mechelen offers a rewarding challenge to curious gardeners and a gourmet treat for the kitchen. Its unique cultivation and authentic flavor make it a must-grow winter crop.